Please note that the copy function is not enabled for this field.
If you wish to
modify
existing outcomes, please copy and paste the current outcome text into the Update field.
LOGIN
CREATE ACCOUNT
MY TRIALS
LOGIN
CREATE ACCOUNT
MY TRIALS
REGISTER TRIAL
FAQs
HINTS AND TIPS
DEFINITIONS
Register a trial
The ANZCTR website will be unavailable from 1pm until 3pm (AEDT) on Wednesday the 30th of October for website maintenance. Please be sure to log out of the system in order to avoid any loss of data.
The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor and investigators. Listing a study does not mean it has been endorsed by the ANZCTR. Before participating in a study, talk to your health care provider and refer to this
information for consumers
Trial details imported from ClinicalTrials.gov
For full trial details, please see the original record at
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00179777
Registration number
NCT00179777
Ethics application status
Date submitted
10/09/2005
Date registered
16/09/2005
Titles & IDs
Public title
TRIGR - Primary Prevention Study for Type 1 Diabetes in Children at Risk
Query!
Scientific title
TRIGR - Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk
Query!
Secondary ID [1]
0
0
U01HD040364
Query!
Secondary ID [2]
0
0
MCT-49395
Query!
Universal Trial Number (UTN)
Query!
Trial acronym
TRIGR
Query!
Linked study record
Query!
Health condition
Health condition(s) or problem(s) studied:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
0
0
Query!
Condition category
Condition code
Metabolic and Endocrine
0
0
0
0
Query!
Diabetes
Query!
Intervention/exposure
Study type
Interventional
Query!
Description of intervention(s) / exposure
Treatment: Other - Hydrolysed infant formula
Treatment: Other - Nonhydrolysed infant formula
Experimental: Hydrolysed infant formula - Hydrolysed infant formula
Placebo comparator: Nonhydrolysed infant formula - Nonhydrolysed cow's milk based infant formula
Treatment: Other: Hydrolysed infant formula
Participants in the Hydrolysed infant formula -group received the test formula, casein hydrolysate (Nutramigenâ„¢, Mead Johnson Nutritionals), not containing antigenic CM protein, whenever breast milk is not available.
Treatment: Other: Nonhydrolysed infant formula
Participants in the Nonydrolysed infant formula -group received the CM protein containing control formula which has an addition (20 %) of Nutramigen, whenever breast milk is not available.
Query!
Intervention code [1]
0
0
Treatment: Other
Query!
Comparator / control treatment
Query!
Control group
Query!
Outcomes
Primary outcome [1]
0
0
Number of Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Query!
Assessment method [1]
0
0
Number of participants with Type 1 diabetes mellitus assessed by (1) blood glucose and HbA1c at 12 and 18 months of age, and annually from age 2 to 10 years, and (2) oral glucose tolerance test at 6 and 10 years of age and in the final year of the study.
Query!
Timepoint [1]
0
0
12 and 18 months and annually from 2 years up to 14 years
Query!
Secondary outcome [1]
0
0
Number of Participants With Diabetes Associated Autoantibodies
Query!
Assessment method [1]
0
0
Diabetes associated autoantibodies (ICA, IAA, GADA, IA-2A) at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months of age, and annually from age 2 to 10-14 years
Query!
Timepoint [1]
0
0
3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months and annually from 2 years up to 14 years
Query!
Eligibility
Key inclusion criteria
* Biological parent and/or full (not half) sibling of the newborn infant had type 1 diabetes as defined by the World Health Organization
* The infant's parent or legal guardians gave signed consent to participate
Query!
Minimum age
No limit
Query!
Query!
Maximum age
7
Days
Query!
Query!
Sex
Both males and females
Query!
Can healthy volunteers participate?
No
Query!
Key exclusion criteria
* An older sibling of the newborn infant had been included in the TRIGR intervention
* Multiple gestation
* The parents were unwilling or unable to feed the infant cow's milk based products for any reason (e.g., religious, cultural).
* The newborn infant had a recognizable severe illness such as those due to chromosomal abnormality, congenital malformation, respiratory failure needing assisted ventilation, enzyme deficiencies, etc.
* The gestational age of the newborn infant was less than 35 weeks.
* The infant was older than 7 days at randomization.
* Inability of the family to take part in the study (e.g. the family has no access to any of the Study Centers, the family has no telephone).
* The infant had received any infant formula other than Nutramigen prior to randomization.
* No HLA sample drawn before the age of 8 days.
Query!
Study design
Purpose of the study
Prevention
Query!
Allocation to intervention
Randomised controlled trial
Query!
Procedure for enrolling a subject and allocating the treatment (allocation concealment procedures)
Query!
Methods used to generate the sequence in which subjects will be randomised (sequence generation)
Query!
Masking / blinding
Blinded (masking used)
Query!
Who is / are masked / blinded?
The people receiving the treatment/s
The people administering the treatment/s
The people assessing the outcomes
The people analysing the results/data
Query!
Query!
Query!
Query!
Intervention assignment
Parallel
Query!
Other design features
Query!
Phase
NA
Query!
Type of endpoint/s
Query!
Statistical methods / analysis
Query!
Recruitment
Recruitment status
Completed
Query!
Data analysis
Query!
Reason for early stopping/withdrawal
Query!
Other reasons
Query!
Date of first participant enrolment
Anticipated
Query!
Actual
6/05/2002
Query!
Date of last participant enrolment
Anticipated
Query!
Actual
Query!
Date of last data collection
Anticipated
Query!
Actual
30/09/2017
Query!
Sample size
Target
Query!
Accrual to date
Query!
Final
5156
Query!
Recruitment in Australia
Recruitment state(s)
NSW
Query!
Recruitment hospital [1]
0
0
Children's Hospital at Westmead - Westmead
Query!
Recruitment postcode(s) [1]
0
0
2145 - Westmead
Query!
Recruitment outside Australia
Country [1]
0
0
United States of America
Query!
State/province [1]
0
0
Florida
Query!
Country [2]
0
0
United States of America
Query!
State/province [2]
0
0
Pennsylvania
Query!
Country [3]
0
0
Canada
Query!
State/province [3]
0
0
Ontario
Query!
Country [4]
0
0
Czechia
Query!
State/province [4]
0
0
Prague
Query!
Country [5]
0
0
Estonia
Query!
State/province [5]
0
0
Tartu
Query!
Country [6]
0
0
Finland
Query!
State/province [6]
0
0
Helsinki
Query!
Country [7]
0
0
Germany
Query!
State/province [7]
0
0
Hannover
Query!
Country [8]
0
0
Hungary
Query!
State/province [8]
0
0
Budapest
Query!
Country [9]
0
0
Italy
Query!
State/province [9]
0
0
Sardinia
Query!
Country [10]
0
0
Italy
Query!
State/province [10]
0
0
Rome
Query!
Country [11]
0
0
Luxembourg
Query!
State/province [11]
0
0
Luxembourg
Query!
Country [12]
0
0
Netherlands
Query!
State/province [12]
0
0
Rotterdam
Query!
Country [13]
0
0
Poland
Query!
State/province [13]
0
0
Wroclaw
Query!
Country [14]
0
0
Spain
Query!
State/province [14]
0
0
Vizcaya
Query!
Country [15]
0
0
Spain
Query!
State/province [15]
0
0
Madrid
Query!
Country [16]
0
0
Sweden
Query!
State/province [16]
0
0
Linkoping
Query!
Country [17]
0
0
Switzerland
Query!
State/province [17]
0
0
Zurich
Query!
Funding & Sponsors
Primary sponsor type
Other
Query!
Name
University of Helsinki
Query!
Address
Query!
Country
Query!
Other collaborator category [1]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [1]
0
0
US Congress
Query!
Address [1]
0
0
Query!
Country [1]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [2]
0
0
Government body
Query!
Name [2]
0
0
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Query!
Address [2]
0
0
Query!
Country [2]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [3]
0
0
Government body
Query!
Name [3]
0
0
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Query!
Address [3]
0
0
Query!
Country [3]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [4]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [4]
0
0
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Query!
Address [4]
0
0
Query!
Country [4]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [5]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [5]
0
0
European Community (EC)
Query!
Address [5]
0
0
Query!
Country [5]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [6]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [6]
0
0
European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes
Query!
Address [6]
0
0
Query!
Country [6]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [7]
0
0
Commercial sector/industry
Query!
Name [7]
0
0
Mead Johnson Nutrition
Query!
Address [7]
0
0
Query!
Country [7]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [8]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [8]
0
0
Academy of Finland
Query!
Address [8]
0
0
Query!
Country [8]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [9]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [9]
0
0
Diabetes Research Foundation, Finland
Query!
Address [9]
0
0
Query!
Country [9]
0
0
Query!
Other collaborator category [10]
0
0
Other
Query!
Name [10]
0
0
Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation
Query!
Address [10]
0
0
Query!
Country [10]
0
0
Query!
Ethics approval
Ethics application status
Query!
Summary
Brief summary
The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) is an international effort to conduct a primary prevention nutrition trial for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The TRIGR study was targeted at newborns who are at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes because their mother, father and/or full sibling has type 1 diabetes. All families were encouraged to breast feed their infants for as long as possible. Prior to birth, the child was randomly assigned to receive one of two infant formulas, should formula be required prior to 8 months of age. The study determined whether weaning to a possibly protective infant formula decreases these children's chances of developing diabetes - as it does in the animal models for diabetes.
Query!
Trial website
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00179777
Query!
Trial related presentations / publications
Akerblom HK, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Savilahti E, Vaarala O, Reunanen A, Teramo K, Hamalainen AM, Paronen J, Riikjarv MA, Ormisson A, Ludvigsson J, Dosch HM, Hakulinen T, Knip M; National TRIGR Study Groups. Dietary manipulation of beta cell autoimmunity in infants at increased risk of type 1 diabetes: a pilot study. Diabetologia. 2005 May;48(5):829-37. doi: 10.1007/s00125-005-1733-3. Epub 2005 Apr 19. Erratum In: Diabetologia. 2005 Aug;48(8):1676. Riikjarv, MA [added]; Ormisson, A [added]; Ludvigsson, J [added]; Dosch, HM [added]; Hakulinen, T [added]; Knip, M [added]. TRIGR Study Group. Study design of the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR). Pediatr Diabetes. 2007 Jun;8(3):117-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5448.2007.00239.x. Åkerblom HK, Knip M, Becker D, Dosch H-M, Dupré J, Ilonen J, Krischer JP and the TRIGR Study Group. The TRIGR Trial: Testing the Potential Link between Weaning Diet and Type 1 Diabetes. Immun, Endoc, Metab Agents in Med Chem 7:251-263, 2007. Writing Group for the TRIGR Study Group; Knip M, Akerblom HK, Al Taji E, Becker D, Bruining J, Castano L, Danne T, de Beaufort C, Dosch HM, Dupre J, Fraser WD, Howard N, Ilonen J, Konrad D, Kordonouri O, Krischer JP, Lawson ML, Ludvigsson J, Madacsy L, Mahon JL, Ormisson A, Palmer JP, Pozzilli P, Savilahti E, Serrano-Rios M, Songini M, Taback S, Vaarala O, White NH, Virtanen SM, Wasikowa R. Effect of Hydrolyzed Infant Formula vs Conventional Formula on Risk of Type 1 Diabetes: The TRIGR Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Jan 2;319(1):38-48. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.19826. Niinisto S, Miettinen ME, Cuthbertson D, Honkanen J, Hakola L, Autio R, Erlund I, Arohonka P, Vuorela A, Harkonen T, Hyoty H, Krischer JP, Vaarala O, Knip M, Virtanen SM; TRIGR Investigators. Associations Between Serum Fatty Acids and Immunological Markers in Children Developing Islet Autoimmunity-The TRIGR Nested Case-Control Study. Front Immunol. 2022 May 25;13:858875. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.858875. eCollection 2022. Nucci AM, Virtanen SM, Cuthbertson D, Ludvigsson J, Einberg U, Huot C, Castano L, Aschemeier B, Becker DJ, Knip M, Krischer JP; TRIGR Investigators. Growth and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children genetically at risk. Diabetologia. 2021 Apr;64(4):826-835. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05358-3. Epub 2021 Jan 21. Pacaud D, Nucci AM, Cuthbertson D, Becker DJ, Virtanen SM, Ludvigsson J, Ilonen J, Knip M; TRIGR investigators. Association between family history, early growth and the risk of beta cell autoimmunity in children at risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2021 Jan;64(1):119-128. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05287-1. Epub 2020 Oct 7. Krischer JP, Cuthbertson D, Couluris M, Knip M, Virtanen SM. Association of diabetes-related autoantibodies with the incidence of asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis in the TRIGR randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2020 Sep;63(9):1796-1807. doi: 10.1007/s00125-020-05188-3. Epub 2020 Jun 17. Miettinen ME, Niinisto S, Erlund I, Cuthbertson D, Nucci AM, Honkanen J, Vaarala O, Hyoty H, Krischer JP, Knip M, Virtanen SM; TRIGR Investigators. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in childhood and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TRIGR nested case-control ancillary study. Diabetologia. 2020 Apr;63(4):780-787. doi: 10.1007/s00125-019-05077-4. Epub 2020 Jan 7. Knip M, Akerblom HK, Becker D, Dosch HM, Dupre J, Fraser W, Howard N, Ilonen J, Krischer JP, Kordonouri O, Lawson ML, Palmer JP, Savilahti E, Vaarala O, Virtanen SM; TRIGR Study Group. Hydrolyzed infant formula and early beta-cell autoimmunity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Jun 11;311(22):2279-87. doi: 10.1001/jama.2014.5610. Franciscus M, Nucci A, Bradley B, Suomalainen H, Greenberg E, Laforte D, Kleemola P, Hyytinen M, Salonen M, Martin MJ, Catte D, Catteau J; TRIGR Investigators. Recruitment and retention of participants for an international type 1 diabetes prevention trial: a coordinators' perspective. Clin Trials. 2014 Apr;11(2):150-8. doi: 10.1177/1740774513510070. Epub 2013 Nov 11. TRIGR Study Group; Akerblom HK, Krischer J, Virtanen SM, Berseth C, Becker D, Dupre J, Ilonen J, Trucco M, Savilahti E, Koski K, Pajakkala E, Fransiscus M, Lough G, Bradley B, Koski M, Knip M. The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) study: recruitment, intervention and follow-up. Diabetologia. 2011 Mar;54(3):627-33. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1964-9. Epub 2010 Dec 12. Erratum In: Diabetologia. 2011 Aug;54(8):2210.
Query!
Public notes
Query!
Contacts
Principal investigator
Name
0
0
Mikael Knip, MD
Query!
Address
0
0
University of Helsinki
Query!
Country
0
0
Query!
Phone
0
0
Query!
Fax
0
0
Query!
Email
0
0
Query!
Contact person for public queries
Name
0
0
Query!
Address
0
0
Query!
Country
0
0
Query!
Phone
0
0
Query!
Fax
0
0
Query!
Email
0
0
Query!
Contact person for scientific queries
Data sharing statement
Will individual participant data (IPD) for this trial be available (including data dictionaries)?
No
Query!
No/undecided IPD sharing reason/comment
Query!
What supporting documents are/will be available?
No Supporting Document Provided
Type
Other Details
Attachment
Study protocol
Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
https://cdn.clinicaltrials.gov/large-docs/77/NCT00179777/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
Statistical analysis plan
Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan
https://cdn.clinicaltrials.gov/large-docs/77/NCT00179777/Prot_SAP_000.pdf
Results publications and other study-related documents
Type
Citations or Other Details
Journal
Writing Group for the TRIGR Study Group; Knip M, A...
[
More Details
]
Results are available at
https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00179777